I have never studied the effects of the dimples. We studied this somewhat in college many years ago. My only "real world" experience was on Mythbusters.... I know not a great source. But they where able to reduce the air drag on the car by covering the car in clay and putting patterned dimples over the car. Even with the additional hundreds of pounds of clay, they increase the MPG by several miles.
Im not going to dive into the fluid dynamics on this. I dont have the time, or the memory. And i will add I could be very wrong. But it was my understanding that by creating turbulence at each dimple moved the boundary layer further from the car. . I dont have any proof/math behind this, just kinda imagining it in my head. So please dont take this as gospel.
here is a statement i found while playing around on the internet. Take it for what it is. A statement.
If you want to get deeper into the aerodynamics, there are two types of flow around an object: laminar and turbulent. Laminar flow has less drag, but it is also prone to a phenomenon called "separation." Once separation of a laminar boundary layer occurs, drag rises dramatically because of eddies that form in the gap. Turbulent flow has more drag initially but also better adhesion, and therefore is less prone to separation. Therefore, if the shape of an object is such that separation occurs easily, it is better to turbulate the boundary layer (at the slight cost of increased drag) in order to increase adhesion and reduce eddies (which means a significant reduction in drag). Dimples on golf balls turbulate the boundary layer.